July 23

  • 1693 Patrick Sarsfield, earl of Lucan, died of fever aggravated by injuries sustained four days earlier whilst fighting under the flag of France at the Battle of Landen.
  • 1803 Robert Emmet’s rebellion in Dublin.
  • 1885 Ulysses S. Grant, eighteenth president of the United States (1869–77), whose maternal great-grandfather emigrated from Dergina, Ballygawley, Co. Tyrone, in 1738, died.
  • 1914 In a joint communiqué to Vienna, French President Raymond Poincaré and Russian Tsar Nicholas II expressed the hope that Austria-Hungary would do nothing to compromise the honour or independence of Serbia.
    ‘The July Ultimatum’: Austria-Hungary issued Serbia with a list of demands, all but one of which—the participation of Austro-Hungarian delegates in a judicial inquiry into the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand—were accepted by Serbia.