Greeting the nation—the Irish Christmas card

THE INTERSECTION OF CHRISTMAS SENTIMENT, NATIONAL IDENTITY AND AESTHETIC TASTE IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY IRELAND By Teresa Breathnach Just before Christmas 1916 Countess Markievicz realised that, with the advent of world war, the festive cards that had been made in Germany had simply been replaced by those made in England. She immediately set about designing a … Read more

Between detention and destitution—the Irish in France during the Occupation

HOW DID THE IRISH IN FRANCE FARE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR, A PERIOD MARKED BY THE THREAT OF INTERNMENT AND SEVERE FINANCIAL PRESSURES? WHAT WAS THEIR ATTITUDE TOWARD THE GERMAN OCCUPIERS? By Isadore Ryan In March 1941 the Irish legation to the État français, set up in Vichy following France’s defeat by the Germans … Read more