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Richard Butler, Viscount Mountgarret, Leinster Nicholas Preston, Viscount Gormanston, Leinster Nicholas Netterville, Viscount Netterville, Leinster William Fleming, baron of Slane, Leinster Barnaby Fitzpatrick, baron of Upper Ossory, Leinster David Rothe, bishop of Ossory, Leinster Sir Edward Butler, Leinster Sir Richard Barnwell, Leinster Piers Butler, Leinster Philip Hore, Leinster Richard Bellings, Leinster Christopher Nugent, Leinster Robert … Read more

Recent scholarly interest in Confederate Ireland has created a vastly clearer picture of a traditionally murky period in Irish history. Admittedly, some five decades passed before Micheál Ó Siochrú built upon the pioneering research of Donál Cregan in the 1940s, but both historians acknowledged that the destruction of official records prevented an exhaustive study of … Read more

As is the case for other early Irish laws, detailed penalties are laid down for various severities of injury: ‘If it be a life-wound any one inflicts on a woman or a cleric or an innocent, seven half-cumals are due from him . . . Three séts for every white blow, five séts for every … Read more

The text of the law is found in two manuscripts, one from the fifteenth and one from the seventeenth century, both based on a no-longer-extant manuscript referred to as ‘the Old Book of Raphoe’. One of the manuscripts is a Michéal Ó Cléirigh text of 1627, itself based on a manuscript written by his cousin … Read more

The flag known as the Starry Plough was created as the visible manifestation of the hopes and aspirations of the Dublin workingman. It is the flag of the Irish Citizen Army (ICA), which was founded in 1913 by James Larkin in response to police brutality during the Lockout. It was carried into the GPO in … Read more